Khi suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n
Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb hay th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkhi nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y khi m\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp g\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 l\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quay nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn trau chu\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quay \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ni\u1ec1m tin trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rao gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang hay sai nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3 tin b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tin hay v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 l\u1ebd y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tho\u00e1i b\u1ed9 trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hay n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f2a th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u00f9n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 amip \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ramapithecus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc , nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u00e0y<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Piltdown \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1953 khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Nebraska \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1922, v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tin r\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 Cro-Magnon l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “Homo sapiens” (ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng B\u1eafc Kinh m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u01b0\u1ee3n B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o Piltdown.<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Java ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Eugene Dubois, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai r\u00fat l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quy g\u00e1n cho x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong khi x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con v\u01b0\u1ee3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Heidelberg l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi r\u0103ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Lucy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung gian gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng. Trong t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00f4ng minh thay v\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 31 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, con kh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111ich c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang trong khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong vi\u1ec7c tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p .<\/p>\n
X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p cha m\u1eb9 kh\u1ec9 sinh ra c\u1eb7p song sinh kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ( \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con kh\u1ec9 cona \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chu k\u1ef3 sinh s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m 10 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh 5000 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1970 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eeba thai, ph\u00e1 thai, gi\u1ebft tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy, carbon dioxide, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ozone, n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, vv nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c che \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri<\/a><\/p>\n
\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/a><\/p>\n